In the first two years after Israel’s independence the Jewish population doubled. Such massive immigration put an almost fatal stress on the resources and social fabric of the young state. Before we can discuss the practical implications we need to consider the meaning of kibbutz galuyot – the in-gathering of the exiles. Photo Credit: By Government Press Office (Israel), CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22807003